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Legends and myths regarding RMS Titanic
There have been several legends and myths surrounding the RMS ''Titanic'' over the years. These have ranged from the myth about the ship being unsinkable, to the myth concerning the final song of the ship's orchestra.
==Unsinkable==
Contrary to popular mythology, ''Titanic'' was never described as "unsinkable", ''without qualification'', until ''after'' she sank.〔Richard Howells ''The Myth of the Titanic'', ISBN 0-333-72597-2〕 There are three trade publications (one of which was probably never published) that describe ''Titanic'' as ''practically'' unsinkable, prior to her sinking, but there is no evidence that the notion of ''Titanic'' unsinkability had entered public consciousness until after the sinking.〔 Harland and Wolff did not claim she was actually unsinkable, but a promotional item from the White Star Line stressed the safety of ''Olympic'' and ''Titanic'', claiming that "as far as it is possible to do so, these two wonderful vessels are designed to be unsinkable".〔(The Titanic – Why Did People Believe Titanic Was Unsinkable? ) (especially inset: "designed to be unsinkable"). History on the Net. Accessed 2011.04.15.〕 Claims of being practically unsinkable were not unique to the Olympic class liners or other White Star ships by trade publications. Similar claims were made about the Cunarders ''Lusitania'' and ''Mauretania'' and German liners ''Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse'' and ''Kaiser Wilhelm II''. Advanced safety features on these liners were heavily publicized de-emphasizing the likelihood of these ships sinking in a serious accident.
The vessel was designed to comply with Grade 1 subdivision proposed by the 1891 Bulkhead Committee, meaning that it could stay afloat with any two adjoining out of its 16 main compartments open to the sea. The height of the bulkhead deck above the water line in flooded condition was well above the requirements and the vessel indeed would have been able to float with three adjoining compartments flooded in 11 of 14 possible combinations.〔Hacket C. and Bedford, J.G. (1996).''THE SINKING OF THE S.S. TITANIC – INVESTIGATED BY MODERN TECHNIQUES''. pp. 167–171, 212.〕 The subdivisions could be sealed from communication with each other with cast iron watertight doors. To somewhat lower the chance of a sailor being caught in them, a geared system dropped the doors gradually over 25 to 30 seconds by sliding them vertically on hydraulic cataract cylinders.〔〕
The first unqualified assertion of ''Titanic'' unsinkability appears in ''The New York Times'' on 16 April 1912, a day after the tragedy. Philip A. S. Franklin, vice president of the International Mercantile Marine Company (White Star Line's holding company) stated after being told of the sinking "I thought her unsinkable, and I based my opinion on the best expert advice available. I do not understand it." This comment was seized upon by the press and the idea that the White Star Line had ''previously'' declared ''Titanic'' to be unsinkable (without qualification) gained immediate and widespread currency.〔Leavy (2007: 39)〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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